A migraine is a recurring headache that causes moderate to severe throbbing or pulsating pain, usually on one side of the head. Physical activity often worsens the pain. Migraines are believed to result from changes in neural activity and the constriction of blood vessels in the brain. Different types of migraines exist, each with a variety of symptoms that can occur before, during and after the headache itself.
Symptoms of a migraine
Migraine symptoms can be divided into four phases: prodrome, aura, attack and postdrome. Not all individuals experience every phase and some migraines occur without a headache.
Prodrome
The prodrome phase occurs in the hours or days leading up to a migraine. Symptoms may include mood changes, difficulty concentrating, muscle stiffness in the head and neck and increased sensitivity to light or sound.
Aura
The aura phase happens immediately before the headache and can last a few minutes to an hour. It may involve visual disturbances like flashing lights or temporary vision loss, confusion, or tingling in the arms, legs, or face.
Attack
The attack phase includes the headache itself, lasting anywhere from 4 to 72 hours. Symptoms often include throbbing pain on one side of the head that worsens with movement, heightened sensitivity to light and sound, dizziness, nausea or lightheadedness. If a migraine lasts longer than 72 hours, seek medical attention immediately.
Postdrome
The postdrome phase, sometimes called a “migraine hangover,” can last up to 48 hours after the headache resolves. It is often marked by fatigue and difficulty concentrating.
Who is at risk for migraines?
Migraines are common, affecting millions of people worldwide. Several factors may increase the likelihood of experiencing migraines:
- Age: Migraines are more frequent in adults than in children.
- Sex: Women are twice as likely to experience migraines as men.
- Family history: Most people with migraines have at least one close relative who also suffers from them.
How are migraines diagnosed & treated?
Migraines are diagnosed based on symptoms, medical history and physical and neurological exams. While additional tests may be used to rule out other conditions, they are usually not necessary to confirm a migraine diagnosis.
Treatment focuses on identifying and avoiding triggers such as lack of sleep or caffeine and using medication to manage symptoms. NGPG Neurologists can prescribe a broad range of different medications, depending on your symptoms and goals, as well as manage any side effects and help determine your long-term regimen for care.
We also offer Botox injections for migraines at our NGPG Neurology offices.
Choose NGPG for Migraine Care
NGPG Neurology provides expert migraine care from board-certified neurologists. If you suffer from debilitating and frequent headaches, now is the time to seek help! There are many ways to help treat and even stop migraines before they start.