Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder that causes the body’s immune system to attack nerve and muscle connections. This results in episodes of muscle weakness, often affecting the eyes, face, throat and limbs. While there is no cure, most individuals with MG manage their symptoms effectively with treatment and do not experience life-threatening complications.
Symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis
MG causes muscle weakness that worsens with use and improves with rest. In most cases, this weakness is not dangerous, but in about 15% of cases, it can lead to a myasthenic crisis. This occurs when severe weakness affects the throat or chest muscles, making it difficult to breathe. A myasthenic crisis is a medical emergency—seek immediate medical assistance if you experience trouble breathing.
More commonly, MG causes progressive muscle weakness in specific areas of the body. Symptoms vary depending on the muscles affected but often include:
- Drooping eyelids
- Double vision
- Impaired speech
- Difficulty chewing or swallowing
- Arm or leg weakness
Without treatment, symptoms typically worsen over months or years.
What causes MG?
MG occurs when the immune system mistakenly blocks or destroys nerve receptor sites on muscles, interfering with communication between the brain and affected muscles.
Some cases of MG may be linked to an overactive or abnormal thymus gland, an organ involved in immune function. Although an enlarged thymus is not always present, research suggests it plays a role in the development of the condition.
Who is at risk for MG?
Unlike many neurological disorders, MG is not inherited. It can develop at any age, but men and women tend to experience onset at different stages of life. Women under 40 and men over 60 are at the highest risk.
How is Myasthenia Gravis diagnosed & treated?
MG is diagnosed based on symptoms, physical and neurological exams and additional testing as needed. Diagnostic tests may include:
- Blood tests
These tests are used to detect antibodies that are associated with autoimmune disorders, which can help confirm the diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis. - Imaging tests
These tests, such as a CT scan or MRI, are used to check for an abnormal thymus gland, which can be linked to the condition. - Electrodiagnostic testing
This involves assessing the communication between nerves and muscles to identify any irregularities that may indicate Myasthenia Gravis.
Treatment plans are personalized based on symptom severity and patient needs. Options include:
- Medication
Medications are prescribed to either enhance the communication between nerves and muscles or to suppress the overactivity of the immune system, which is often responsible for the condition. - Thymectomy
This surgical procedure involves the removal of the thymus gland and it can lead to improvements or even the elimination of symptoms in some patients. - Plasmapheresis
This is a procedure similar to dialysis, where harmful antibodies are removed from the blood, helping to alleviate symptoms by reducing the impact of the immune system’s attack on the body.
Choose NGPG for Myasthenia Gravis treatment
NGPG Neurology provides advanced treatment options for MG, including state-of-the-art surgical interventions performed by expert NGPG’s neurosurgeons. Our board-certified neurologists, neurosurgeons, neurointerventional surgeons and neuropsychiatrists offer high-quality, patient-centered care.