Neuropathy, or peripheral neuropathy, occurs when one or more nerves are damaged, often leading to tingling, numbness or weakness in the affected area. There are many types of neuropathies, each affecting different areas, nerves or types of nerves. Symptoms can vary, but neuropathies often start in the hands or feet and may spread to other areas of the body.
Neuropathy can lead to severe complications, including permanent nerve damage or amputation. It’s important to see a physician to diagnose the underlying cause and prevent the condition from worsening.
Signs & Symptoms of Neuropathy
Symptoms depend on which nerves are damaged. If sensory nerves are affected, pain may be the primary symptom. Damaged motor nerves may cause muscle twitching or weakness. Common symptoms include:
- Tingling or numbness
- Burning, stabbing or shock-like pain
- Muscle weakness
- Muscle twitching or spasms
- Difficulty walking
- Loss of coordination
- Loss of sensation in the hands or feet
- Problems with bladder, digestion or sexual function
- Unintentional weight loss
- Low blood pressure
What causes neuropathy?
Neuropathy has many potential causes, making it crucial to see a doctor if you suspect you have it. It’s estimated that one in four Americans will experience neuropathy, with those over 65 being at the highest risk. Neuropathy is often related to underlying conditions, such as those that damage nerves or impair blood flow. The most common cause in the U.S. is diabetes.
Potential causes include:
- Diabetes
- Traumatic injury (e.g., from an automobile accident or fall)
- Alcoholism
- Certain medications
- Chemotherapy or other cancer treatments
- Inherited disorders
- Repetitive motions
- Autoimmune disorders (e.g., Guillain-Barré syndrome, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)
- Infections that affect nervous tissue, like chickenpox
- Liver or kidney disorders
- Tumors near nerves
- Vascular disorders
How is neuropathy diagnosed?
To diagnose neuropathy your doctor will evaluate your symptoms, perform a physical and neurological exam, and review your medical history. Additional tests may be ordered to identify the cause of neuropathy:
- Blood tests
- Imaging
- Genetic tests
- Tissue biopsies
- Electrodiagnostic assessments (tests to locate and assess nerve damage)
Treatment options for neuropathy
Once neuropathy is diagnosed, treatment focuses on addressing the root cause. For instance managing diabetes can prevent further nerve damage. After any underlying conditions are treated, your doctor may recommend therapies to manage or alleviate symptoms. Treatment options include:
- Physical therapy
- Occupational therapy
- Pain medications
- Nutritional changes
- Braces or splints
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary. At NGPG our highly skilled neurosurgeons offer advanced surgical treatments for neuropathy, including nerve decompression and other procedures designed to restore function and reduce pain. With years of experience and a track record of excellent outcomes, NGPG Neurosurgeons provide the highest level of care for patients requiring surgery.
Choose NGPG for Neuropathy Care
At NGPG Neurology we provide comprehensive care and a collaborative approaching alongside board-certified neurosurgeons, neurointerventional surgeons, neuropsychiatrists and other specialists. With access to state-of-the-art facilities at Northeast Georgia Medical Center, we ensure our patients receive the highest quality care available.